It is a decision making . Full descriptions of the mitigation measures encountered are provided in the map database (Additional File 8). Jain R, et al. Eligible comparator For quantitative research; the absence of metal mining or metal mining mitigation measureseither prior to an activity or in an independent, controlled location lacking such impacts. Mining activities, including prospecting, exploration, construction, operation, maintenance, expansion, abandonment, decommissioning and repurposing may affect social and environmental systems in a range of direct and indirect, positive and negative ways. Figure3 shows the publication dates of the included articles, suggesting a linear increase in the number of publications annually. This list is based on frequently studied higher level categories (the top 3 affected components and factors). Metal removal mechanisms in a short hydraulic residence time subsurface flow compost wetland for mine drainage treatment. roads, ports, railway tracks, power lines) may affect migratory routes of animals and worsen habitat fragmentation [9, 10]. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. The Impacts of mining developments in Papau-New Guinea Word Count: 1797 (20% allowance) Table of Contents 1.0 INTRODUCTION 4 2.0 BACKGROUND 5 3.0 MINING VIEW OF PNG 6 4.0 ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION WITH A POLITICAL INSIGHT 7 5.0 SOCIAL IMPACTS AND DISINTEGRATION 8 6.0 CONCLUSION 9 7.0 RECOMMENDATIONS 10 REFERENCES 11 1.0 Introduction Google Scholar. One of the effects of mining on the environment is erosion. The following Boolean search string formed the basis of searches: (mine OR mined OR mining OR mines OR (extract* AND resource*) OR (extract* AND industr*) OR (extract* AND (mineral OR minerals))), (metal* OR iron OR copper OR nickel* OR lead OR zinc OR hematite OR haematite OR magnetite OR chalcopyrite OR digenite OR azurite OR malachite OR chrysocolla OR atacamite OR ore OR mineral* OR tailing OR pyrite OR ferric OR ferrous OR goethite OR limonite OR siderite OR ochre OR cupric OR chalcocite OR tenorite OR cuprite OR bornite OR covellite OR tetrahedrite OR tennantite OR pentlandite OR millerite OR galena OR kamacite OR taenite OR laterite OR garnierite OR boulangerite OR anglesite OR cerussite OR pyromorphite OR calamine OR smithsonite OR sphalerite OR hemimorphite OR wurzite OR hydrozincite OR pb OR zn OR cu OR ni OR fe OR gold OR au OR silver OR ag OR argenite OR chlorargyrite OR galena OR calaverite OR sylvanite OR nagyagite OR petzite OR krennerite OR molybden* OR wulfenite OR powellite OR mo), (*arctic OR boreal OR boreo* OR *polar OR "snow forest" OR tundra OR taiga OR alaska OR canada OR russia OR sweden OR norway OR finland OR greenland OR iceland OR faroe OR canadian OR swedish OR norwegian OR russian OR icelandic OR subarctic OR "northern latitude" OR "high latitude" OR yukon OR nunavut OR quebec OR "northwest territories" OR newfoundland OR labrador OR alaskan OR sibera OR ural OR volga OR caucasus OR lapland OR lappland OR norrbotten OR vsterbotton OR ngermanland OR jmtland OR medelpad OR hrjedalen OR hlsingland OR dalarna OR gstrikland OR uppland OR vstmanland OR vrmland OR ostrobothnia OR kainuu OR karelia OR savonia OR pirkanmaa OR satakunta OR tavastia OR kymenlaakso OR uusimaa OR land OR Trndelag OR "kalaallit nunaat" OR avannaata OR qeqertalik OR qeqqata OR sermersooq OR kujalleq OR aleutia* OR "british columbia" OR alberta OR saskatchewan OR manitoba OR "new brunswick" OR "prince rupert island" OR ontario OR "nova scotia" OR "north* europe" OR meadowbank OR ekati OR Meadowbank OR bellekeno OR "Keno Hill" OR Minto OR Tom OR Raglan OR Wolverine OR "Pine point" OR "Red Chris" OR Granduc OR Thompson OR Birchtree OR Seabee OR "Voisey's Bay" OR DSO OR "james mine" OR Schefferville OR "Flin Flon" OR "Triple Seven" OR "Snow lake" OR Huckleberry OR Carol OR Scully OR Wabush OR "Bloom lake" OR "mont wright" OR Eleonore OR "qr gold" OR Musselwhite OR Gibraltar OR "mcleese lake" OR Campbell OR "red lake" OR "rice lake" OR Bralorne-Pioneer OR "new afton" OR "highland valley" OR "detour lake" OR Ming OR rambler OR "pine cove" OR "corner bay" OR "bachelor lake" OR "myra falls" OR "casa berardi" OR Vezza OR "copper mountain" OR similco OR Langlois OR grevet OR Trail OR "duck pond" OR Hemlo OR Williams OR "kidd creek" OR "david bell" OR Hislop OR "bell creek" OR Beaufor OR "black fox" OR glimmer OR Holloway OR Holt OR Porcupine OR "fabie bay" OR "doyon division" OR LaRonde OR Lapa OR Mishi OR Macassa OR Sigma OR Lamaque OR Goldex OR "eagle river" OR Young-Davidson OR "Halfmile lake" OR Coleman OR "nickel rim" OR Fraser OR "McCreedy west" OR Sudbury OR Garson OR Stobie OR "Copper cliff" OR Manitoba OR ontario OR Creighton OR Gertrude OR Ellen OR Lockerby OR Totten OR Dufferin OR Bingo OR "Bonanza ledge" OR Bracemac-McLeod OR Cochenour OR "EP gold" OR Nunavik OR "fire lake" OR "hudson bay" OR Island OR "lac herbin" OR "lalor lake" OR Malartic OR Morrison OR "mount milligan" OR Phoenix OR rubicon OR "reed lake" OR Shakespeare OR "timmins west" OR McGarry OR Westwood-Mooshla OR Yellowjacket OR Alexo OR Monique OR "yellow giant" OR Kittil OR Kevitsa OR Pahtavaara OR Hannukainen OR Laiva OR Talvivaara OR Kokkola OR Hitura OR Pyhsalmi OR Pampalo OR Kylylahti OR Orivesi OR Kutemajrvi OR Vammala OR Harjavalta OR Jokisivu OR Sydvaranger OR Rana OR Odda OR Oktyabrsky OR Talnakhskoye OR Taimyrsky OR Komsomolsky OR Mayak OR Kaula-Kotselvaara OR Kola OR Zapolyarnoye OR Zapolyarny OR Ametistovoe OR "Medvezhy rucheu" OR Norilsk-1 OR Skalisty OR Zhdanovskoye OR Mayskoye OR Olenegorsky OR Olenegorsky OR "15th anniversary of october" OR Kovdorsky OR Kupol OR Korpanga OR Kostomuksha OR Kubaka OR Arylakh OR Lunnoye OR Susuman OR Berelekh OR Dukat OR Omsukchan OR Julietta OR Natalka OR Olimpiada OR Sovetskoye OR Blagodatnoye OR Khakanja OR Tarnjerskoye OR Severny OR Severopeschanskoye OR Vorontsovskoye OR "Golets Vysochaishy" OR Kuranakh OR Gusevogorskoye OR Pervenets OR Goroblagodatsky OR Bereznyakovskoye OR Gorevsky OR Vysokogorsky OR Rudnogorsky OR Pervouralskoye OR Berezovskoye OR Tatianinsky OR Korshunovsky OR Safyanovskaya OR Cheremshansky OR Irokinda OR Aginskoye OR Bakalskoye OR Talgansky OR Berezitovy OR Svetlinsky OR Uchalinsky OR Uchalinsky OR Mulginskoye OR Burlukskoye OR Chebachje OR Pioneer OR Mnogovershinnoye OR Abakansky OR Aleksandrinsk OR Pokrovskiy OR Teysky OR Sheregeshsky OR Ozernoye OR Tashtagolsky OR Sibay OR Murzinskoye-1 OR Zun-Holba OR Mikhailovsky OR Asacha OR Novoshirokinskoye OR Oktyabrsky OR Verninsky OR Kyzyl-Tashtyg OR Rubtsovsk OR Osenneye OR Gaisky OR Stepnoy OR Korbalikhinsky OR Stoylensky OR Zarechenskoye OR Lebedinsky OR Stoylo-Lebedinskoye OR Letneye OR Dzhusinskoye OR Kimkanskoye OR Dalpolimetal OR Urupsky OR Sadonsk OR Albazino OR AldGold OR Amazarkan OR "Lena artelj" OR "Tyva artelj" OR Avlayakan OR Albyn OR Belaya OR Birkachan OR Buryatzoloto OR Eldorado OR Festivalnoye OR Fevralskoye OR Goltsovoye OR Gubkin OR Karalveem OR Kirovogorsky OR Kochkarskoye OR Komsomolsky OR Kamaganskoye OR Kazsky OR Kommunarovsky OR Lenzoloto OR "Maly kuybas" OR Malomir OR Mauksky OR Mikheevskoye OR Mezhsopochnoye OR "Novogodnee monto" OR Odinochnaya OR Podotvalnoye OR Pogromnoye OR Samolazovskoye OR Savkino OR Shemurskoye OR Sideritovaya OR Yuzhno-Kirovskoye OR "Sopka Kvartsevaya" OR Sosnovsky OR Tabornoye OR Tardan OR Titimukhta OR Tsokol OR Uzelginsky OR Vasilevsky OR Valunistoye OR Vysokogorsky OR Vysokogorsky OR Vetrensky OR Yakutskoye OR Yubileynoye OR Baumansky OR Degtyarskoye OR Delbe OR Dvoynoye OR Estyuninskaya OR Garbuzovskoye OR Kanavnoye OR Konevinskoye OR Korolevsky OR "South kurasan" OR "West kurasan" OR Kamenskoye OR Krasnokamenskoye OR Lunnoye OR Molodyozhny OR Nikolaevsky OR Nizhneyakokitskoye OR Odolgo OR Olenje OR Olenegorsky OR Ozerny OR Partizanskoye OR Serovsky OR Severnoye OR Severo-Zapadny OR Sibir-Polimetally OR Vesely OR Solcocon OR Svetly OR Shanuch OR Verkhneye OR Yurjevskoye OR Yuzhnoye OR Kiruna OR Kaunisvaara OR Tapuli OR Malmberget OR Salmijrvi OR Aitik OR Kristineberg OR Maurliden OR Renstrm OR Boliden OR Bjrkdal OR Kankberg OR Svartliden OR Garpenberg OR Dannemora OR Lovisa OR Zinkgruvan OR Gruvberget OR "red dog" OR "fort knox" OR Pogo OR "stone boy" OR Kensington OR "greens creek" OR "Kelex" OR "Sinyukhinskoye" OR Endako OR Kitsault OR Zhireken OR Sorskoye). This highlights that there should probably be some legal requirement for analysis and addressing these risks in impact assessments in the future. For societies, health and wellbeing was most common (n=106), followed by economic (n=46), service and infrastructure (n=12), landscapes (n=8) and culture and history (n=6). All disagreements were discussed, and additional, more detailed guidance was added to the extraction codebook to improve clarity. The process of mining dates back to prehistoric times.. Prehistoric people first mined flint, which was ideal for tools and weapons since it breaks into shards with sharp edges. A total of 307 full texts could not be screened for this reason (see Additional File 5). Across all articles, the most commonly reported outcome category was metal concentration (n=357), followed by water quality (n=104) and species biomass or distribution (n=102) (see Fig. Fleming DA, Measham TG. This was deemed to be an appropriate retrieval level considering the complementary searching outlined above. Ice blink: navigating northern environmental history. Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. 2016;84:21934. . Eligible population We included social, technological and environmental systems in Arctic and boreal regions based on political boundaries as follows (this encompasses various definitions of boreal zones, rather than any one specific definition for comprehensiveness and ease of understanding): Canada, USA (Alaska), Greenland, Iceland, the Faroe Islands, Norway (including Svalbard), Sweden, Finland, and Russia. Impact of the mining industry on the mental health of landholders and rural communities in southwest Queensland. Bubble size indicates the number of articles. Water samples from the Abra River were found to have low level pH (acidic) capable of solubilizing heavy metals. BiogenicAbiogenic interactions in natural and anthropogenic systems. Commercial Arctic shipping through the Northeast Passage: routes, resources, governance, technology, and infrastructure. These substances are highly toxic and are responsible for dissolving unwanted compounds to obtain the minerals you want to extract from the earth. Industrial mining in Liberia includes gold and iron ore. At this point, we felt consistency was as high as possible, and a continued conservative approach was applied to screening of the remaining abstracts. Following discussion, the second round increased slightly to 205/271 (NRH vs JJT) and 216/271 (CA vs JJT). Gandy CJ, et al. 2019; 2020: p 88. article publication year), then on the study systems (i.e. Finally, we have produced heat maps that visualise two coding factors (categorical variables) along with the volume of evidence found across combinations of levels of each factor. People who are affected by these impacts adopt various coping strategies though in most cases not successful and unstainable. We adapted an outcome coding schema designed within an ongoing environmental and social impact assessment synthesis project [50]. Water management and treatment. Insights from an expert focus group. 2016;124:15562. A resource for the comprehensive environmental effects of mining is The environmental impact of mining (wikipedia.org) Types Of Mining That Can Have A Negative Environmental Effect. 2011;64(4):899910. As a result, the systematic map represents a snapshot of research from the end of 2018. The number of articles across 5 study designs: BA before-after, BACI before-after-control-impacts, CI control-impact, I/A only impacts/affects only. In terms of positive impacts, mining is typically a source of local employment and may contribute to economies locally and regionally [e.g. The paper mainly focused on the mining activities in Prestea in the western region of the country. Environmental Impacts: Visible: Air pollution, Biodiversity loss (wildlife, agro-diversity), Floods (river, coastal, mudflow), Food insecurity (crop damage), Loss of landscape/aesthetic degradation, Noise pollution, Soil contamination, Soil erosion, Waste overflow, Deforestation and loss of vegetation cover, Surface water pollution / Decreasing water (physico-chemical, biological) quality . Land Use Policy. Some estimates have pegged the demand for lithium-ion batteries to reach 2.2 million tonnes by 2030. operation of mines in Canada), research commissioners should consider whether funding and resources are best placed filling gaps than providing more research on a well-studied topic. We extracted data relating to causal linkages between actions or impacts and measured outcomes, along with descriptive information about the articles and studies. Article For several other articles, the social impacts related to economics for otherwise environmental studies. Mitigation of negative environmental effects in one system (e.g. Yellow blocks indicate the stages were reported in the same article. 2 Knowledge of mining effects on health is positively related to years of schooling (education). Evidence of the impacts of metal mining and the effectiveness of mining mitigation measures on socialecological systems in Arctic and boreal regions: a systematic map. We also collected evidence from stakeholders and rightsholders identified in the wider 3MK project (Mapping the impacts of Mining using Multiple Knowledges, https://osf.io/cvh3u). 2010;188(1):6175. J Occup Med 1993; 35(12):12037. With a few exceptions, a mineral is a naturally occurring inorganic material with a unique chemical composition and physical characteristics.". 2002;19(1):6573. Small scale-gold mining has caused environmental and its related problems in the Municipality. J Clean Prod. The main effects of water pollution are Acid Mine Drainage (AMD), increased sediment level and metal contamination. The Environmental Impact of Mining The environmental impact of mining is dependent on several factors, including the extraction technique and where the mine is situated. Mining in the Arctic environmenta review from ecological, socioeconomic and legal perspectives. The publication years of articles included in the map. While some methods have less impact than others, it almost always has a serious and lasting environmental impact. On the one hand, the economy can not develop better without the basic and solid help of mining resources; but from the perspective of environment, the development of the mining industry has a great impact on the environment, geology and resources, so that the balance of the natural environment has been broken, and the . We included a further 47 articles from pre-screened resources (websites and review bibliographies). 2014;111:24359. The final form of mining-related environment impact is the damage left on landscape. Studies were separated by line if the intervention impacted different systems (populations) within the same article. Examples of potentially serious environmental impacts of 1. Pullin A, Frampton G, Livoreil B, Petrokofsky G. Guidelines and Standards for evidence synthesis in environmental management Version 5.0. The systems, components, and factors affected by the mines across included articles is visualised in Fig. Full-texts were screened by four reviewers [NRH, JJT, AS and Amanda Jeansen (AJ)], with a first round of screening resulting in 18/30 article agreement across all four coders. Guidebook for evaluating mining project EIAs. Environ Evid. This list is indicative only and should not be taken as a priority list of topics for systematic review. Policy-makers should be aware that the social impacts from mining in particular begin early on in a projects lifetime. Processes of land use change in mining regions. Hilson G. An overview of land use conflicts in mining communities. However, meta-data referring to study setting and design were extracted that could aid future study validity assessments and synthesis of studies on sub-topics of interest identified from our systematic map exercise. Additionally, alternative mining systems are suitable comparators. We have synthesised these variables along with other meta-data. . Consistency checking on a further set of 39 articles, resulting in only 7 disagreements (=0.62). Nilsson AE, et al. All data, code and functions are available on GitHub as an Open Source/Open Data resource here; https://github.com/nealhaddaway/3mk. We differentiate here between articlesthe manuscripts in which data are presentedand outcome linesthe smallest independent data point in our map, corresponding to a measured outcome from a research article corresponding to a specific mine or mining area. Our screening and data extraction/coding was performed initially using a subset in an attempt to ensure consistency, before proceeding in full with single screening. Impact is the damage left on landscape be some legal requirement for analysis addressing... Designs: BA before-after, BACI before-after-control-impacts, CI control-impact, I/A only impacts/affects only searching. 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