This web site is designed for the current versions of (f) Licensees transferring special form sources in licensee-owned or licensee-operated vehicles to and from a work site are exempt from the contamination monitoring requirements of paragraph (b) of this section, but are not exempt from the survey requirement in paragraph (b) of this section for measuring radiation levels that is required to ensure that the source is still properly lodged in its shield. This includes those records of the results of measurements and calculations used to evaluate the release of radioactive effluents to the environment required under the standards for protection against radiation in effect prior to January 1, 1994. [5] Assessments of dose equivalent and records made using units in effect before the licensee's adoption of this part need not be changed. The licensee should also consider the impact of respirator use on workers' industrial health and safety. The determination of the deep-dose equivalent to an individual should be based upon measurements using instruments or individual monitoring devices. Restricted area does not include areas used as residential quarters, but separate rooms in a residential building may be set apart as a restricted area. (b) Each licensee shall, prior to removal or disposal of empty uncontaminated containers to unrestricted areas, remove or deface the radioactive material label or otherwise clearly indicate that the container no longer contains radioactive materials. ARS usually will be accompanied by some skin damage. Hereditary effects and cancer incidence are examples of stochastic effects. (2) The area or room is subject to the licensee's control. (4) The total quantity of licensed and other radioactive material that the licensee releases into the sanitary sewerage system in a year does not exceed 5 curies (185 GBq) of hydrogen-3, 1 curie (37 GBq) of carbon-14, and 1 curie (37 GBq) of all other radioactive materials combined. Label each disposal container (or transport package if potential radiation hazards preclude labeling of the individual disposal container) of waste to identify whether it is Class A waste, Class B waste, Class C waste, or greater then Class C waste, in accordance with 61.55 of this chapter; 3. Quarter means a period of time equal to one-fourth of the year observed by the licensee (approximately 13 consective weeks), providing that the beginning of the first quarter in a year coincides with the starting date of the year and that no day is omitted or duplicated in consecutive quarters. (b) Prior to permitting an individual to participate in a planned special exposure, the licensee shall determine -, (1) The internal and external doses from all previous planned special exposures; and. The primary cause of death is the destruction of the bone marrow, resulting in infection and hemorrhage. Reports to individuals of exceeding dose limits. (b) A licensee may not dispose of tissue under paragraph (a)(2) of this section in a manner that would permit its use either as food for humans or as animal feed. such as local newspapers, letters to State of local organizations, or other appropriate forum, that is readily accessible to individuals in the vicinity of the site, and solicit comments from affected parties. In most cases, healing occurs by regenerative means; however, very large skin doses can cause permanent hair loss, damaged sebaceous and sweat glands, atrophy, fibrosis, decreased or increased skin pigmentation, and ulceration or necrosis of the exposed tissue. The identities and activities of individual radionuclides contained in each container, the masses of U-233, U-235, and plutonium in special nuclear material, and the masses of uranium and thorium in source material. (e) Radionuclide identities and activities contained in the waste, the masses of U-233, U-235, and plutonium in special nuclear material, and the masses of uranium and thorium in source material if contained in the waste. Retain a copy of or electronically store the Uniform Low-Level Radioactive Waste Manifest and documentation of acknowledgement of receipt as the record of transfer of licensed material as required by 10 CFR parts 30, 40, and 70 of this chapter; and. (2) That the individual is not available for planned special exposures. Occupational dose limits for adults. (a) Applicants for licenses, other than early site permits and manufacturing licenses under part 52 of this chapter and renewals, whose applications are submitted after August 20, 1997, shall describe in the application how facility design and procedures for operation will minimize, to the extent practicable, contamination of the facility and the environment, facilitate eventual decommissioning, and minimize, to the extent practicable, the generation of radioactive waste. Symptoms are anorexia, nausea and vomiting. full text search results Year means the period of time beginning in January used to determine compliance with the provisions of this part. 20.1405 Public notification and public participation. The ALIs and DACs for inhalation are given for an aerosol with an activity median aerodynamic diameter (AMAD) of 1 m and for three classes (D,W,Y) of radioactive material, which refer to their retention (approximately days, weeks or years) in the pulmonary region of the lung. The non-stochastic ALIs were derived to avoid non-stochastic effects, such as prompt damage to tissue or reduction in organ function. (c) When specific information on the physical and biochemical properties of the radionuclides taken into the body or the behavior or the material in an individual is known, the licensee may -, (1) Use that information to calculate the committed effective dose equivalent, and, if used, the licensee shall document that information in the individual's record; and, (2) Upon prior approval of the Commission, adjust the DAC or ALI values to reflect the actual physical and chemical characteristics of airborne radioactive material (e.g., aerosol size distribution or density); and. LaTorre TE. If exposure occurred within 8 to 12 hours, repeat CBC, with attention to lymphocyte count, 2 or 3 more times (approximately every 2 to 3 hours) to assess lymphocyte depletion. 25, 1995; 61 FR 65127, Dec. 10, 1996; 68 FR 14308, Mar. (7) Possess or use at any time, for processing or manufacturing for distribution pursuant to parts 30, 32, 33 or 35 of this chapter, byproduct material in quantities exceeding any one of the following quantitites: 1 The Commission may require as a license condition, or by rule, regulation, or order pursuant to 20.2302, reports from licensees who are licensed to use radionuclides not on this list, in quantities sufficient to cause comparable radiation levels. Medical Management of Radiation Accidents, 2 nd ed., New York : CRC Press, Inc.; 2001. 20.1802 Control of material not in storage. 7101 et seq.) Use of process or other engineering controls. al. Radiation therapy (also called radiotherapy) is a cancer treatment that uses high doses of radiation to kill cancer cells and shrink tumors. 11, 53, 63, 65, 81, 103, 104, 161, 170H, 182, 186, 223, 234, 274, 1701 (42 U.S.C. [56 FR 23396, May 21, 1991, as amended at 57 FR 57878, Dec. 8, 1992]. If you would like to comment on the current content, please use the 'Content Feedback' button below for instructions on contacting the issuing agency. (b) Excreta from individuals undergoing medical diagnosis or therapy with radioactive material are not subject to the limitations contained in paragraph (a) of this section. The sorbing or solidification media, if any, and the identity of the solidification media vendor and brand name; 10. (a) Posting of radiation areas. Critical Group means the group of individuals reasonably expected to receive the greatest exposure to residual radioactivity for any applicable set of circumstances. The major cause of this syndrome is depletion of immature parenchymal stem cells in specific tissues. Waste not meeting the structural stability requirements of 61.56(b) of this chapter must be identified; 5. confirmation of initial dose estimate using chromosome aberration cytogenetic bioassay when possible. In seeking such advice, the licensee shall provide for: (iii) A publicly available summary of the results of all such discussions, including a description of the individual viewpoints of the participants on the issues and the extent of agreement and disagreement on the issues. (b) The licensee shall retain the records required by paragraph (a) of this section until the Commission terminates each pertinent license requiring the record. The dose from planned special exposures is not to be considered in controlling future occupational dose of the individual under 20.1201(a) but is to be included in evaluations required by 20.1206 (d) and (e). Management of Terrorist Events Involving Radioactive Material, NCRP Report No. (e) The licensee shall also consider limitations appropriate to the type and mode of use. reports. [56 FR 23391, May 21, 1991, as amended at 57 FR 57878, Dec. 8, 1992; 58 FR 7736, Feb. 9, 1993; 60 FR 36043, July 13, 1995; 60 FR 48625, Sept. 20, 1995; 61 FR 65127, Dec. 10, 1996; 62 FR 4133, Jan. 29, 1997; 62 FR 39087, July 21, 1997; 63 FR 39481, July 23, 1998; 64 FR 54556, Oct. 7, 1999; 66 FR 55789, Nov. 2, 2001; 67 FR 16304, Apr. B. 20.2204 Reports of planned special exposures. Note that the columns in table 1, of this appendix captioned Oral Ingestion ALI, Inhalation ALI, and DAC, are applicable to occupational exposure to radioactive material. (d) The licensee shall record the exposure history of each individual, as required by paragraphs (a) or (b) of this section, on NRC Form 4, or other clear and legible record, including all of the information required by NRC Form 4. Start Printed Page 16300 (a) The licensee shall control the occupational dose to individual adults, except for planned special exposures under 20.1206, to the following dose limits. Compliance with environmental and health protection regulations. For wastes consigned to a disposal facility, the classification of the waste pursuant to 61.55 of this chapter. Information collection requirements: OMB approval. Entrance or access point means any location through which an individual could gain access to radiation areas or to radioactive materials. (3) Instructed in the measures to be taken to keep the dose ALARA considering other risks that may be present. Licensed material means source material, special nuclear material, or byproduct material received, possessed, used, transferred or disposed of under a general or specific license issued by the Commission. Triage: If radiation exposure is suspected: Diagnosis Fractionated doses are often used in radiation therapy. If sufficient information exists to estimate the approximate energy distribution of the neutrons, the licensee may use the fluence rate per unit dose equivalent or the appropriate Q value from table 1004(b).2 to convert a measured tissue dose in rads to dose equivalent in rems. Get more out of your subscription* Access to over 100 million course-specific study resources; 24/7 help from Expert Tutors on 140+ subjects; Full access to over 1 million Textbook Solutions (Abbreviated organ or tissue designations are used: LLI wall = lower large intestine wall; St. wall = stomach wall; Blad wall = bladder wall; and Bone surf = bone surface.). 5, 2002; 67 FR 20370, Apr. Lost or missing licensed material means licensed material whose location is unknown. 25, 1995; 63 FR 39483, July 23, 1998]. (g) Atmosphere-supplying respirators must be supplied with respirable air of grade D quality or better as defined by the Compressed Gas Association in publication G-7.1, Commodity Specification for Air, 1997 and included in the regulations of the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (29 CFR 1910.134(i)(1)(ii)(A) through (E)). The approximate volume of waste within a container; 9. This includes those records showing the results of air sampling, surveys, and bioassays required under the standards for protection against radiation in effect prior to January 1, 1994; and. [56 FR 23404, May 21, 1991, as amended at 57 FR 57878, Dec. 8, 1992; 60 FR 20186, Apr. For radionuclides, where the non-stochastic limit was governing in deriving the occupational DAC, the stochastic ALI was used in deriving the corresponding airborne effluent limit in table 2. Respiratory protective device means an apparatus, such as a respirator, used to reduce the individual's intake of airborne radioactive materials. (a) The requirements of this section and appendix G to 10 CFR part 20 are designed to -. Include NRC Form 540 (and NRC Form 540A, if required) with the shipment regardless of the option chosen in paragraph B.3 of this section; 5. Waste generator means an entity, operating under a Commission or Agreement State license, who, (1) possesses any material or component that contains radioactivity or is radioactively contaminated for which the licensee foresees no further use, and, (2) transfers this material or component to a licensed land disposal facility or to a licensed waste collector or processor for handling or treatment prior to disposal. 25, 1995], [68 FR 58802, Oct. 10, 2003, as amended at 71 FR 15007, Mar. b Air purifying respirators with APF <100 must be equipped with particulate filters that are at least 95 percent efficient. Radiation, as used in this part, does not include non-ionizing radiation, such as radio- or microwaves, or visible, infrared, or ultraviolet light. (f) The licensee shall retain the required form or record until the Commission terminates each pertinent license requiring this record. (c) The licensee shall perform the monitoring required by paragraph (b) of this section as soon as practical after receipt of the package, but not later than 3 hours after the package is received at the licensee's facility if it is received during the licensee's normal working hours, or not later than 3 hours from the beginning of the next working day if it is received after working hours. (b) Any licensee shipping radioactive waste intended for ultimate disposal at a licensed land disposal facility must document the information required on NRC's Uniform Low-Level Radioactive Waste Manifest and transfer this recorded manifest information to the intended consignee in accordance with appendix G to 10 CFR part 20. Symptoms are anorexia, severe nausea, vomiting, cramps, and diarrhea. 65 The FOV PSD value relates to the current incidence of the X-ray beam. Shallow-dose equivalent (Hs), which applies to the external exposure of the skin of the whole body or the skin of an extremity, is taken as the dose equivalent at a tissue depth of 0.007 centimeter (7 mg/cm2). (b) The licensee shall use, to the extent practical, procedures and engineering controls based upon sound radiation protection principles to achieve occupational doses and doses to members of the public that are as low as is reasonably achievable (ALARA). The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) cannot attest to the accuracy of a non-federal website. Atmosphere supplying respirators [particulate, gases and vapors. Package means the assembly of components necessary to ensure compliance with the packaging requirements of DOT regulations, together with its radioactive contents, as presented for transport. Detailed guidance on making electronic submissions can be obtained by visiting the NRC's Web site at http://www.nrc.gov/site-help/e-submittals.html; by e-mail to MSHD.Resource@nrc.gov; or by writing the Office of the Chief Information Officer, U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, Washington, DC 20555-0001. The record may be the original or a reproduced copy or a microform provided that the copy or microform is authenticated by authorized personnel and that the microform is capable of producing a clear copy throughout the required retention period. For the purposes of regulation 12 (2), the limit on effective dose for employees or trainees of 18 years or above is 100 mSv in any period of five consecutive calendar years subject to a. consultation with experts in radiation accident management. A licensee or applicant for a license may apply to the Commission for approval of proposed procedures, not otherwise authorized in the regulations in this chapter, to dispose of licensed material generated in the licensee's activities. Each record required by this part must be legible throughout the specified retention period. Death likely is due to collapse of the circulatory system as well as increased pressure in the confining cranial vault as the result of increased fluid content caused by edema, vasculitis, and meningitis. Copies of manifests required by this appendix may be legible carbon copies, photocopies, or computer printouts that reproduce the data in the format of the uniform manifest. (d) Each person involved in the transfer for disposal and disposal of waste, including the waste generator, waste collector, waste processor, and disposal facility operator, shall comply with the requirements specified in section III of appendix G to 10 CFR part 20. Atomic Energy Act of 1954, secs. 25, 1995; 66 FR 64738, Dec. 14, 2001; 67 FR 3585, Jan. 25, 2002; 78 FR 17006, Mar. (c) The licensee shall file the report required by 20.2206(b), covering the preceding year, on or before April 30 of each year. 6. Air purifying respirators with APFs >100 must be equipped with particulate filters that are at least 99.97 percent efficient. (e) The provisions of this section do not include doses that result from planned special exposures, that are within the limits for planned special exposures, and that are reported under 20.2204. A. Control of access to high radiation areas. Mild symptoms may be observed with doses as low as 0.3 Gy or 30 rads. At doses between 10 and 15 Gy, transient erythema is expected as a prompt effect. Dose limits for individual members of the public. In this notation a value of 6E02 represents a value of 6 102 or 0.06, 6E + 2 represents 6 102 or 600, and 6E + 0 represents 6 100 or 6. Public dose does not include occupational dose or doses received from background radiation, from any medical administration the individual has received, from exposure to individuals administered radioactive material and released under 35.75, or from voluntary participation in medical research programs. (c) The licensee shall ensure that instruments and equipment used for quantitative radiation measurements (e.g., dose rate and effluent monitoring) are calibrated periodically for the radiation measured. 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