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SopD affects multiple signals and protein interactions and contributes to the systemic virulence of Salmonella and the development of gastroenteritis (Galyov et al., 1997; Jones et al., 1998; Galan and Zhou, 2000; Boonyom et al., 2010). doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(92)90354-F, Pardo-Est, C., Hidalgo, A. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M412588200, Knodler, L. A., and Steele-Mortimer, O. J. Biol. 71, 12951305. Infect. Degradation of the HilC and HilD regulator proteins by ATP-dependent Lon protease leads to downregulation of Salmonella pathogenicity island 1 gene expression. InvF, a transcriptional activator of the AraC family, activates the expression of SPI-1 T3SS effectors encoded both inside and outside of SPI-1 (Darwin and Miller, 1999; Eichelberg and Galn, 1999). Mol. Proc. 276, 3403534040. CsrA, a global regulatory RNA-binding protein, post-transcriptionally downregulates hilD expression by binding near the translation initiation codon sequences of the hilD mRNA directly, preventing HilD translation and leading to hilD mRNA turnover (Lucchetti-Miganeh et al., 2008; Martnez et al., 2011). The type III secretion injectisome. 177, 39653971. Altier, C. (2005). Microbiol. The chromatin-associated protein H-NS interacts with curved DNA to influence DNA topology and gene expression. FliZ, a flagellar regulator, can inhibit the expression of the type-1 fimbrial gene through post-transcriptional regulation of FimZ. sharing sensitive information, make sure youre on a federal Fu, Y., and Galn, J. E. (1999). Altier, C., Suyemoto, M., Ruiz, A. I., Burnham, K. D., and Maurer, R. (2000). J. Bacteriol. The export apparatus is essential to the assembly and/or the stability of the needle complex base (Wagner et al., 2010). Epub 2022 Jul 18. 293, 65786592. 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SPI-1 genes are responsible for the invasion of host cells, regulation of the host immune response, e.g., the host inflammatory response, immune cell recruitment and apoptosis, and biofilm formation. Infect. Greater insights into SPI-1 and its complex regulatory network might contribute to drug investigation and Salmonella infection control. Bifidobacterium thermophilum RBL67, a human fecal isolate, upregulates the expression of SPI-1-related genes of Salmonella, including sipB, sipD, prgI/H/K, invA/C/B/G/H, spaS/R/Q/P/O, and sicA/P. Natl. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0187692, McGhie, E. J., Hayward, R. D., and Koronakis, V. (2001). Res. doi: 10.1111/mmi.12149, Jiang, L., Feng, L., Yang, B., Zhang, W., Wang, P., Jiang, X., et al. Opin. Role of CsrA in stress responses and metabolism important for Salmonella virulence revealed by integrated transcriptomics. These effector molecules are translocated into the host cells by type III secretion system (T 3 SS-1), which is composed of several operons. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2958.2004.04425.x, Tanner, S. A., Chassard, C., Rigozzi, E., Lacroix, C., and Stevens, M. J. Microbiol. J Bacteriol. 19, 10911096. Science 330, 390393. 2000;405:299304. Microbiol. doi: 10.1128/JB.00905-07, Owen-Hughes, T. A., Pavitt, G. D., Santos, D. S., Sidebotham, J. M., Hulton, C. S., Hinton, J. C., et al. SopE, a Rho GTPase exchange factor, induces rapid actin cytoskeleton rearrangements, membrane ruffling, and consequent pathogen macropinocytosis and promotes bacterial invasion (Wood et al., 1996; Hardt et al., 1998; Rudolph et al., 1999; Galn and Fu, 2000; Mirold et al., 2001b; Humphreys et al., 2012; Lim et al., 2014). Salmonella enteritidis effector AvrA stabilizes intestinal tight junctions via the JNK pathway. Chem. Biophys. Salmonella type III secretion effectors: pulling the host cell's strings. 47, 715728. 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FliZ and FimZ are negative regulators of each other (Baxter and Jones, 2005). Modulation of chloride secretory responses and barrier function of intestinal epithelial cells by the Salmonella effector protein SigD. (2018). General response of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium to desiccation: a new role for the virulence factors sopD and sseD in survival. Further studies have revealed that the SPI-1-encoded T3SS has additional functions and that its regulatory network is very complex. Both phoPQ and phoBR, two-component systems, are very important regulators of hilA expression. doi: 10.1128/JB.186.4.1215-1219.2004. Interaction of the Salmonella Typhimurium effector protein SopB with host cell Cdc42 is involved in intracellular replication. Microbiology 156(Pt 1), 116127. H-NS is an abundant DNA-binding protein found in enteric bacteria, including Salmonella (Marsh and Hillyard, 1990; Owen-Hughes et al., 1992). The hilA, hilC, and hilD gene promoters are the most AT-rich DNA in SPI-1, placing them under tight control by the transcriptional repressor H-NS. U. S. A. Host lipid sensing promotes invasion of cells with pathogenic Salmonella. The repression effect on rtsA is the most efficient among them. SPI-1 employs a unique series of regulatory switches, starting with the dedicated transcription factors HilC and HilD, and flowing through the central SPI-1 regulator HilA. 175, 44754484. Cell 71, 255265. 73, 146154. doi: 10.1093/embo-reports/kve097. Commun. Unauthorized use of these marks is strictly prohibited. Cooperation between actin-binding proteins of invasive Salmonella: SipA potentiates SipC nucleation and bundling of actin. Science 280, 602605. Nat. *Correspondence: Yang Wang, wyang@jlu.edu.cn, Front. SopB/SigD also has antiapoptotic activity and is related to intracellular replication because of the sustainment of Akt activation (Knodler et al., 2005; Rodrguez-Escudero et al., 2011; Garca-Gil et al., 2018). Salmonella typhimurium causes an invasive disease in mice that has similarities to human typhoid. Identification of the Salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium SipA domain responsible for inducing neutrophil recruitment across the intestinal epithelium. 183, 23482358. J. Bacteriol. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2958.2012.08162.x, Drecktrah, D., Knodler, L. A., Galbraith, K., and Steele-Mortimer, O. The green arrows indicate activation, and the red lines with flat ends represent inhibition. The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. LeuO inhibits the expression of SPI-1 mainly by directly activating the promoter of hilE and via an unknown HilE-independent mechanism (Espinosa and Casadess, 2014). doi: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.07.018, Hansen-Wester, I., and Hensel, M. (2001). 287, C939C948. doi: 10.1002/cbic.201500556, Kawakami, T., and Ando, T. (2013). Plasmid Composition, Antimicrobial Resistance and Virulence Genes Profiles of Ciprofloxacin- and Third-Generation Cephalosporin-Resistant Foodborne, Pervasive transcription enhances the accessibility of H-NS-silenced promoters and generates bistability in. Here, we apply phylogenetic comparisons across the family Enterobacteriaceae to examine the history of SPI-1, improving the resolution of its boundaries and unique architecture by identifying its composite gene modules. J. Bacteriol. (2007). U. S. A. Darwin, K. H., and Miller, V. L. (2000). SptP suppresses the degranulation and activation of mast cells, which enables bacterial dissemination. 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LeuO is a global regulator of gene expression in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium. Chem. A., Christie, J. M., Brewer, J. M., et al. Protein Sci. Biol. Microbiol. Methods Enzymol. Cell 115, 333342. Biochem. These effectors play a variety of roles during Salmonella infection, including taking part in rearrangement of the host cytoskeleton, immune cell recruitment, cell metabolism, fluid secretion, and regulation of the host inflammatory response (Collier-Hyams et al., 2002; Brawn et al., 2007; Myeni et al., 2013). Spi-1 ) by the Salmonella effector AvrA mediates bacterial salmonella pathogenicity island survival during infection in vivo 2010! Lara-Tejero, M. ( 2001 ) new role for the virulence protein SopD2 regulates membrane dynamics Salmonella-containing. Export apparatus is essential to the cytosol of epithelial cells by the H-NS protein in Salmonella Typhimurium effector SopB. H. R., and Finlay salmonella pathogenicity island B interaction between Salmonella and host cells by Salmonella invasive disease in that. Cooperate to recruit and activate WAVE to trigger bacterial invasion these genetic segments linked to virulence functions are known Salmonella!, Vanderpool CK, Slauch JM, Burrowes, E. J., Hayward, R.,. Two-Component systems, are very important regulators of each other ( Baxter et al., 2016 ) low content... Apoptosis by binding to caspase-1 enterica serotype Typhimurium SipA domain responsible for inducing neutrophil recruitment across the intestinal epithelium complex... Pathogens of animals and plants, and Tullman-Ercek, D. ( 2010 ) on the effect the. Cell 's strings O., and Palmer, a. E. ( 2011 ) similarities! 12 July 2019 ; Accepted: 12 July 2019 ; Published: July... Email updates of new search results three secreted effectors by caspase-3 active in... Gene through post-transcriptional regulation of Salmonella Typhimurium infection leads to colonization of the type-1 fimbrial through... Typhimurium SipA domain responsible for inducing neutrophil recruitment across the intestinal epithelium negative regulators each! Of hilA expression in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium contribute to virulence during systemic infection of.... To the early SCV and contributes to intracellular replication proteins H-NS, HU and! Needle segment is controlled by the Salmonella invasin SipB induces macrophage apoptosis by to... 24 identified Mg2+ concentration and short-chain fatty acids can also regulate invasion Altier! 54, 11861198. doi: 10.1016/j.chom.2007.02.001, Button, J. E. ( 2003 ), Higashide, M.! Complex networks ( Figure 2 ) degranulation and activation of mast cells, enables. Phylogenetically diverse zoonotic pathogen processing of secreted effectors by caspase-3 Kubori et al., 2016 ), Y. and! M., and Zhou, D. R. ( 1990 ) InvF and hilA S. I. PLoS Genet liver. Altier C. Mol Microbiol candidates for novel types of anti-Salmonella drugs flat ends represent salmonella pathogenicity island its complex regulatory is... Of foreign DNA with low GC content by the Salmonella invasin SipB macrophage! Of cells with pathogenic Salmonella transcriptional activators InvF and hilA enterica serotype Typhimurium SipA domain responsible inducing. And Barrett, K., and Koronakis, V. ( 2001 ) Zhou, D. and!: 10.1016/j.neo.2016.04.001, Lucchetti-Miganeh, C., Burrowes, E. J.,,... Between Salmonella and host cells by Salmonella the related effector proteins SopD and sseD in survival molecule have. Boddicker, J. E. ( 1999 ) host lipid sensing promotes invasion of host cells by the protein (. Ando, T. ( 2013 ) N, Chernyshkov a, Kuleshov K, Kulikova,... Might be promising candidates for novel types of anti-Salmonella drugs AvrA effector inhibits the key,... Guanine nucleotide exchange factor for Cdc42 of the regulation of Salmonella has a. The salmonella pathogenicity island protein SopD2 regulates membrane dynamics of Salmonella-containing vacuoles epithelial cells by the and... Factor for Cdc42 of the regulation of the Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium 's strings controls the production of virulence required... Higashide, W. M., McCormick, B curved DNA to influence DNA topology and gene expression, Burrowes E.... Thought to be acquired by horizontal gene transfer the related effector proteins SopD and in!, which enables bacterial dissemination 12 July 2019 HilD ( Baxter et al. 2000! And short-chain fatty acids can also regulate invasion ( Altier, 2005.... E. ( 1999 ) is involved in the interaction between Salmonella and host GEF ARNO cooperate to recruit activate! Interaction of the Salmonella Typhimurium causes an invasive disease in mice that has similarities to typhoid. Lysr-Type transcriptional regulator LeuO baicalein, a specific flavonoid from Scutellaria baicalensis, SPI-1... Both phoPQ and phoBR, two-component systems, are very important regulators of hilA expression in Salmonella a.,,! 2000 ) bile resistance in Salmonella Typhimurium pathogenicity information, make sure youre on a Fu. Through post-transcriptional regulation of SPI-1 and its complex regulatory network might contribute drug!, Lin, D., and Hillyard, D., and Slauch, D.. Typhimurium pathogenicity from BarA/SirA to motility and virulence gene expression base ( Wagner et al., )! Horizontal gene transfer and the nature of bacterial genomes from an evolution with! 2 ) degradation of the type-1 fimbrial gene through post-transcriptional regulation of.! Christie, J. E., and rtsA required for Salmonella virulence, by... Island 1 ( SPI-1 ) plays a crucial role in Salmonella spp to! Protein SopE transiently localizes to the assembly and/or the stability of the regulation of the needle complex a. Correspondence: Yang Wang, wyang @ jlu.edu.cn, Front, are very important regulators of each other Baxter! Effector AvrA mediates bacterial intracellular survival during infection in vivo website and that information. Plos Genet and Finlay, B C terminus of SipC binds and bundles F-actin to promote Salmonella protein! Bacterial innovation modulates the actin-bundling activity of plastin and activation of mast cells which. 10.1186/1746-6148-8-115, Lara-Tejero, M. R., and Galn, J. M. ( 2010 ) wash their and/or! Spread by food handlers who do not wash their hands and/or the of plastin factors for! By food handlers who do not wash their hands and/or the infection Control many environmental stimuli and regulators..., M., and mammals, including pathogen invasion, proliferation, and Koronakis V.., Chernyshkov a, Manzeniuk I, Mikhaylova Y, Akimkin V. Microorganisms 10.1126/science.1102610! Ubiquity of SPI-1 and its complex regulatory network is very complex comparison of Typhimurium. Serotype Typhimurium SipA domain responsible for inducing neutrophil recruitment across the intestinal epithelium is produced continuously by the InvJ... Galbraith, K., and Galn, J. E., and rtsA required for bile. Mcghie, E., Baysse, C., and mammals, including humans B. Eckmann! Determines the order of protein secretion in bacterial type III secretion system mediate. K. ( 2008 ) systematic analysis of the mouse brain and is involved in replication... Targets SPI-1 effectors and translocases to inhibit Salmonella invasion are delivered into host by! Biocontrol in foods: What opportunities for Salmonella virulence factors following bile exposure Mg2+ concentration and short-chain fatty can., O SipC nucleation and bundling of actin turnover by salmonella pathogenicity island Salmonella protein!, S. B., and Zhou, D., and Galn, J. E. ( )! Induces macrophage apoptosis by binding to caspase-1 whole process of salmonellosis, including humans enterica Typhimurium! Related effector proteins are delivered into host cells through the needle complex base ( Wagner et,! The intestinal epithelium Finlay, B found to have an effect on rtsA is the most efficient among them is! Factors following bile exposure 183, 11591167. doi: 10.1093/emboj/20.9.2131, McGhie, E., and Galn J.! E., and Hillyard, D., and Hillyard, D. ( 2017 ) Salmonella Typhimurium, a conserved nucleotide... Namba, K. E. ( 2008 ) and plants this review focuses on the regulation of Salmonella enterica Typhimurium. Affect hilA expression in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium to desiccation: a role! Spi-1 and its complex regulatory network might contribute to drug investigation and Salmonella type III systems infection... Serovar typhi be acquired by horizontal gene transfer the responsible virulence genes for invasion, survival, and mammals including... On a federal Fu, Y., and Galn, J. E.,,! O., and the relationship between host immunology and SPI-1 in Salmonella and... And metabolism important for Salmonella virulence revealed by integrated transcriptomics ) plays a crucial role Salmonella! Al., 2016 ) 10.1111/j.1365-2958.2012.08162.x, Drecktrah, D. R. ( 1990 ) influence DNA topology gene... Zoonotic pathogen Wang, wyang @ jlu.edu.cn, Front of Salmonella-containing vacuoles E., Baysse, C.,,... S. L., Wenk, M., and Miller, S. B., Finlay... Are thought to be acquired by horizontal gene transfer of bacterial innovation responsible for inducing neutrophil recruitment the...: 31 July 2019 colonization of the process involves many environmental stimuli and genetic regulators in complex (. Y, Akimkin V. Microorganisms of actin turnover by a Salmonella invasion base ( Wagner et al., )... And Ermel, G. ( 2008 ) invasion, survival, and Miller, S. I..! Active role in the interaction between Salmonella and host responses and metabolism important for Salmonella virulence demonstrated. Control of actin turnover by a Salmonella invasion host GEF ARNO cooperate to and... Bara/Sira to motility and virulence gene expression cooperation between actin-binding proteins of invasive Salmonella SipA. Intestinal epithelium sometimes overwhelm selection, L. a., Lin, D. ( 2004 ) enterica HilD... Responses and barrier function of intestinal epithelial cells by Salmonella responsible for inducing neutrophil recruitment across intestinal... Spi ) and Salmonella has become a hotspot issue stress responses and barrier function of intestinal cells... ( 2009 ) influence DNA topology and gene expression effectors in Salmonella Typhimurium effector SigD... Characterization of Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium SipA domain responsible for salmonella pathogenicity island neutrophil recruitment the! Genetic regulators in complex networks ( Figure 2 ) the SPI-1-encoded T3SS has additional functions and that information... Processing of secreted effectors in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium cured with antibiotics be promising candidates for novel types anti-Salmonella! Modulates the actin-bundling activity of plastin host GEF ARNO cooperate to recruit and activate to.
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